句子單字連音
(a.) 子音 + 子音
當遇到前面一個字的字尾跟下一個字的字首都是子音的時候,通常前面一個子音會不發音。
E.g., black coffee 會唸成 bla-coffee ck 跟 c 都發子音 [k] ,所以 black 的 ck 就省略不發音。
E.g., keep peace 唸成 kee-peace
keep 中 p 省略不發音。
E.g., handsome man 會唸成 handsoman
handsome 中的 e 本身就不發音,以 m 音收尾所以可以直接跟 man 一起唸。
(b.) 子音 + 母音
當遇到前面一個字的字尾是子音,下一個字的字首是母音的時候,兩個音會連在一起念。
E.g., Not at all 會唸成 No-ta-tall
[t] 是子音,[a] 是母音,[t] 會融入下個單字形成連音。
E.g., Keep it 唸成 Kee-pit
[p] 是子音,[i] 是母音,[p] 和 [i] 連在一起念。
E.g., red apples 唸成 re-da-pples
[d] 是子音,[a] 是母音,[d] 和 [a] 連在一起念。
(c.) t + d
雖然 [t] 跟 [d] 是不同的子音,但是在發音系統上都屬於舌上音,兩者聽起來會十分相像,因此也適用於子音的連音規則。
E.g., What do you do 會唸成 Wha-de-ye-do
子音 [t] 遇上 [d] 所以 what 的 [t] 不發音,這句話唸得很快的時候原本的字母 o 會發成像注音符號「ㄜ」的音。
E.g., good time 唸成 goo-time
省略 d 不發音。
單字字母連音
(a.) tr 唸 chr
有些單字在發音的時候字母會被擠壓, tr 發音的時候聽起來會像 chr 。
E.g., tree 會唸成 chr-ee
E.g., country 唸成 cun-chry
E.g., travel 唸成 chra-vel
(b.) dr 唸 jr
如果要發 dr 的音,舌頭就要移動得很快,所以在口語上為了方便會唸成 jr 。
E.g., hundred 唸成 hun-j-red
E.g., did you 唸成 di-jou
創造和發音的非正式縮略語
Creating and Pronouncing Informal Contractions
- 單字重讀,其他發音要輕 (Pronounce the word faster and more quietly than stressed words)
- 將元音改成弱元音或弱讀、吞音( Change the vowel sound to a schwa or other reduced sound)
- to: /tu/ → /tə/ or ‘tuh’
- you: /yu/ → /yə/ or ‘yuh’
- do: /du/ → /də/ or ‘duh’
- can: /kæn/ → /kɪn/ or ‘kin’
- your: /yɔr/ → /yɚ/ or ‘yer’ (Learn to pronounce /ɚ/)
- 常見的縮略詞 (Use common contractions)
- I have → I’ve
- do not → don’t
- 非正的縮略詞 (Use informal contractions)
- want to → ‘wanna’
- could you → ‘couldja’
- 省略單詞開頭的發音 (Omit sounds from the beginning of words )
- omit /h/ from ‘he, him, her’
- omit ‘th’ from ‘them’
非中央元音(非重讀音節的元音) Schwa
非中央元音 Schwa+r
schwa+r /ɚ/ 是 r 控制的元音。 雖然大多數 ESL/ELL 學生和老師都知道這種發音通常拼寫為“e-r”、“i-r”和“ur”(如“her”、“girl”和“burn”等詞) ,很少有人意識到音節重音對這個聲音的重要性。 此外,非語音單詞可能會導致這種常見聲音的明顯困難。
The schwa+r /ɚ/ is an r-controlled vowel sound. While most ESL/ELL students and teachers are aware that this sound is commonly spelled ‘e-r’, ‘i-r’, and ‘u-r’ (as in the words ‘her,’ ‘girl,’ and ‘burn’), few realize the significance syllable stress has on this sound. Also, non-phonetic words can cause definite difficulty with this common sound.
Schwa+r 是一個 r 控制的元音。 美式英語發音有四個 r 控制的元音。 r 控制的元音是改變質量的元音,因為它後面跟著一個 r 音。 四個 r 控制的元音是:
Schwa+r is an r-controlled vowel. American English pronunciation has four r-controlled vowels. An r-controlled vowel is a vowel sound that changes quality because it is followed by an r sound. The four r-controlled vowels are:
- schwa+r /ɚ/ as in the word stir
- ar sound /ɑr/ as in the word star
- air sound /ɛr/ as in the word stair
- or sound /ɔr/ as in the word store
與 “to” 的縮寫 (Contractions with “to”)
- going to → gonna: /gʌnə/
- have to → hafta: /hæftə/
- has to → hasta: /hæstə/
- had to → hadta: /hædtə/
- used to → useta: /yustə/
與 “you” 的縮寫 (Contractions with “you”)
- did you → didja: /dɪʤə/
- did you → didja: /dɪʤə/
- could you → couldja: /kʊʤə/
- would you → wouldja: /wʊʤə/
- how did you → howdja: /haʊʤə/
- what do you → whadaya: /wʌdəjə/
- where did you → wheredja: /wɛrʤə/
- what did you → whadja: /wʌʤə/
與 “of” 的縮寫 (Contractions with “of”)
- kind of → kinda: /kɑɪndə/
- kind of → kinda: /kɑɪndə/
- lot of → lotta: /lɑt̬ə/
- lots of → lotsa: /lɑtsə/
與 “would have” 的縮寫 (Contraction with “would have”)
單詞“would have”的非正式縮寫形式可以發音為 /də/,也可以在發音中包含 /v/。 例如,“sheda” /ʃidə/ 也可以發音為 /ʃidəv/。 當下一個單詞以元音開頭時,很可能包含 /v/。
The informally contracted form of the words “would have” can be pronounced as /də/, or can also include /v/ in the pronunciation. For instance, “sheda” /ʃidə/ could also be pronounced /ʃidəv/. The inclusion of the /v/ is likely when the next word begins with a vowel sound.
- she would have → sheda: /ʃidə/
- he would have → heda: /hidə/
- we would have → weda: /widə/ 4: I would have → Ida: /ɑɪdə/
- they would have → theyda: /ðeɪdə/
- you would have → youda: /yudə/
*must have → musta: /mʌstə/
*might have → mighta: /mɑɪt̬ə/
Schwa+r spelling and pronunciation video
The schwa+r /ɚ/ is an r-controlled vowel sound. While most ESL/ELL students and teachers are aware that this sound is commonly spelled ‘e-r’, ‘i-r’, and ‘u-r’ (as in the words ‘her,’ ‘girl,’ and ‘burn’), few realize the significance syllable stress has on this sound. Also, non-phonetic words can cause definite difficulty with this common sound.
schwa+r Spelling and Pronunciation
schwa 英 [ʃwɑː] 美 [ʃwɑː] n. 非中央元音;非重读音节的元音
Schwa+r is an r-controlled vowel. American English pronunciation has four r-controlled vowels. An r-controlled vowel is a vowel sound that changes quality because it is followed by an r sound. The four r-controlled vowels are:
- schwa+r /ɚ/ as in the word stir
- ar sound /ɑr/ as in the word star
- air sound /ɛr/ as in the word stair
- or sound /ɔr/ as in the word store
https://pronuncian.com/informal-contractions
Contractions with “to”
- going to → gonna: /gʌnə/
have to → hafta: /hæftə/
has to → hasta: /hæstə/
had to → hadta: /hædtə/
used to → useta: /yustə/
Contractions with “you” - did you → didja: /dɪʤə/
did you → didja: /dɪʤə/
could you → couldja: /kʊʤə/
would you → wouldja: /wʊʤə/
how did you → howdja: /haʊʤə/
what do you → whadaya: /wʌdəjə/
where did you → wheredja: /wɛrʤə/
what did you → whadja: /wʌʤə/
Contractions with “of” - kind of → kinda: /kɑɪndə/
kind of → kinda: /kɑɪndə/
lot of → lotta: /lɑt̬ə/
lots of → lotsa: /lɑtsə/
Contraction with “would have”
The informally contracted form of the words “would have” can be pronounced as /də/, or can also include /v/ in the pronunciation. For instance, “sheda” /ʃidə/ could also be pronounced /ʃidəv/. The inclusion of the /v/ is likely when the next word begins with a vowel sound.
- she would have → sheda: /ʃidə/
- he would have → heda: /hidə/
- we would have → weda: /widə/
4: I would have → Ida: /ɑɪdə/ - they would have → theyda: /ðeɪdə/
- you would have → youda: /yudə/
must have → musta: /mʌstə/
might have → mighta: /mɑɪt̬ə/