Chapter3 名词

access [ˋæksɛs] n. （使用、看某物）机会或权利

Theoretically at least, whole populations will have direct access to information without waiting for it to be filtered through a government, or a press.

至少在理论上，全体人民都可以直接取用资讯，不必等候政府或媒体的过滤。

agenda [əˋdʒɛndə] n. 议程，行动计划

He has a modest domestic agenda centered on improving education and strengthening families, and he believes most of those programs can run without much direct input from him.

他有一套保守的内政方案，主要是以改善教育和强化家庭为重点，而且他相信，这些政策大部分都不需要他太多的直接参与就可以运作。

ally [əˋlaɪ] n. 盟邦 【同】confederate 【反】enemy

Just as Clinton’s first official overseas trip, in 1993, was to Asia, … his first post-election trip will take him back to the region for visits with three other major allies — Australia, the Philippines and Thailand.

正如克林顿上任后的首趟外交之旅是于1993年到亚洲，他连任后的第一次出访也将再回到这个地区，访问另外3个主要盟国——澳大利亚、菲律宾和泰国。

amateur [ˋæməˏtɚ] n. 业余爱好者 【反】professional

In February their lovers’ quarrel in Central Park was captured on an amateur’s videotape, which tabloid TV shows replayed over and over again.

2月时，这对情侣在中央公园争吵的场面被一位业余摄影师收入镜头之中，爱炒绯闻的小电视台就整日重播这一段。

█ tabloid adj. 专报耸动、煽情新闻的

anarchy [ˋænɚkɪ] n. 无政府状态 【同】chaos

Tirana is in total anarchy.

地拉那完全陷入无政府状态。

anguish [ˋæŋɡwɪʃ] n. （心理上的）苦楚，烦恼 【同】agony

Not since 1932, when Franklin D. Roosevelt promised a New Deal to ease the economic and social anguish of the Great Depression, has a U.S. presidential race been so focused on domestic affairs.

自从1932年罗斯福承诺以新政来减轻经济大萧条带来的经济与社会痛苦之后，历来的美国总统竞选没有一次像这次一样，如此关注国内事务。

approach [əˋprotʃ] n. 方法、途径

The approach favored by IDEC Pharmaceuticals … is to target all active T cells with a custom-made antibody that can temporarily knock the immune cells out of commission.

IDEC制药公司所偏爱的方法，是利用一种特制的抗体对付所有活跃的T细胞，这种抗体能够让这些免疫细胞暂时失去功能。

█ custom-made adj. 订制的，非现成的；out of commission 损坏，无法运作

assault [əˋsɔlt] n. 攻击 【同】attack

Such assaults are most likely to injure the large service providers, sober institutions more culturally attuned to their governmental attackers than the info-guerrillas of cyberspace.

这些攻击手段最可能打击到的是那些大型的服务供应者，因为它们是比较配合政府指示的正派机构，游走网络世界的反叛者反而比较不受影响。

█ sober adj. 严肃的，持重的；to be attuned to 适应于……，配合

bailout [belˏaʊt] n. 融资，紧急救助

In Washington the Clinton Administration’s proposed $ 40 billion bailout of the weakened peso met with stiff opposition from Democrats.

华盛顿的克林顿政府提议以400亿美元紧急救助大幅贬值的比索，遭到民主党强硬反对。

boom [bum] n&v. 繁荣，暴涨 【反】slump

The wealth comes from initial public offerings of stock, or IPOs, which are experiencing an unprecedented boom in the great American bull market of the past two years.

他们的财富来自于股票上市，过去两年，美国股市暴涨，创出前所未有的佳绩。

boost [bust] n. 暴增

Companies such as K Mart have performed brilliantly, slicing overhead and enjoying the resultant earnings boost, but have failed to grow once the cutting stopped.

像卡马特百货集团这样的公司，原本表现奇佳，大砍固定支出，享受随之而来的利润暴涨，但一旦停止裁减，增长也随之停滞。

█ slice（将面包、肉等）切成薄片；overhead经常开支，一般费用

boycott [ˋbɔɪˏkɑt] n. 杯葛，抵制

Harry Edwards, the American sociologist who attempted to organize a black boycott of the 1968 Games in Mexico City in a bid to call attention to the plight of black athletes in America…

为了唤起世人关注美国黑人运动员所处的困境，美国社会学家哈里·爱德华兹试图发动黑人运动员抵制1968年墨西哥运动会。

█ bid n. 努力，试图

campaign [kæmˋpen] n. （社会、政治上的）运动，竞选活动 v. 参加竞选

Only once did Bill Clinton raise a significant example of foreign policy. That came in the campaign’s final fortnight, when he proposed that NATO begin admitting Central and East European nations to the Atlantic alliance by 1999.

在外交政策上，克林顿只提出了一个较重大的事例。那是在竞选进入最后两周时所提出的，当时他提议说，北大西洋公约组织应该在1999年之前，接受中欧和东欧国家加入这个大西洋联盟。

chaos [ˋkeɑs] n. 混乱

In the first few years there may be panic and chaos, but the people will learn to fit into the new system very fast.

头几年他们也许会慌张与混乱，但很快就能适应新体制。

character [ˋkærɪktɚ] n. 角色，人物

The world’s No.1 toymaker, whose products range from Fisher-Price infant and preschool toys to Disney-licensed characters, gets more than one-third of its nearly $4 billion in sales from the 29.2-cm-tall mannequin.

这家世界最大的玩具制造商，产品从费雪牌的婴儿服、学龄前儿童玩具到迪斯尼授权的卡通人物玩具一应俱全；光是（芭比）这个高29.2厘米的娃娃就占了公司近40亿美元营业额的1/3。

█mannequin n. (艺术家使用的)人体模型

clash [klæʃ] n. 冲突，抵触

Perhaps the greatest threat in the clash between science and politics is that researchers might allow potential controversy to deter them from investigating sensitive subjects.

科学与政治的冲突所引发的最大危险，可能就在于研究人员会因潜在的争议而不再探索一些敏感的题材。

clout [klaʊt] n. 权利，影响力，威信 【同】weight

His leadership abilities and attempt to bring some clout to the traditionally rubber-stamp Congress will be put to the test when it meets in March.

他的领导才能和试图增加这个向来知识橡皮图章的国会的影响力的努力，将在3月国会开会时面临考验。

coalition [ˏkoəˋlɪʃən] n. 联合，联合政府 【同】alliance

The Rev. Kang Shin Seok, a Presbyterian minister who witnessed the mayhem, now heads a coalition of victimized people’s groups.

目击了这场暴力事件的长老会牧师Kang Shin Seok，现在是几个受难者团体组成的联盟的领导人。

combat [ˋkɑmbæt] n. 战斗

Even now, despite Beijing’s displeasure, Washington is selling Taiwan combat aircraft and other equipment.

即使是现在，尽管北京反对，华盛顿仍然出售战斗机及其他装备给台湾。

commonplace [ˋkɑmənˏples] n. 寻常的事，老生常谈 adj. 寻常的，不稀奇的

It’s become commonplace to note that voters treated Bill Clinton in 1992 the way Wall Street treats a stock.

现在经常可以听到这番话：选民在1992年对克林顿的态度就像今日华尔街对股票的态度一样。

compass [ˋkʌmpəs] n. 指南针

A new Secretary of State will hold the compass. Warren Christopher will vacate his State Department office by January.

国务卿克里斯托弗于1月离开国务院之后，将会有新国务卿来接掌。

█vacate v. 辞退（职位），让出（位子）

compassion [kəmˋpæʃən] n. 同情，悲悯

At home, with the gap between rich and poor widening, the seemingly ingrained American notions of compassion, codified during the New Deal, are colliding with the fears of those who feel financially strapped …

在国内，随着贫富差距日益悬殊，似乎已深植美国人心中，且于“新政”期间化为具体条文的同情心，正与那些经济拮据的美国人心中的恐惧相冲突。

█ingrained adj.（习惯、想法）根深蒂固的；condify v. 把……编成法典；collide v.（意见、目的）相冲突，抵触，同clash

conflict [ˋkɑnflɪkt] n. 冲突

Even though Chechnya could not hope to win its secessionist war against Moscow, Dudayev warned that continued fighting might well draw neighboring republics into a wider regional conflict.

尽管车臣共和国不敢奢望在脱离俄国的战争上打赢莫斯科，但杜达耶夫警告说，若战争持续下去，有可能把临近的共和国也卷入，变成更大范围的区域冲突。

consequence [ˋkɑnsəˏkwɛns] n. 后果

At home labor costs per unit of output are going down, a consequence of rising productivity, and falling oil prices are putting another damper on inflation.

由于劳动生产效率提高，国内每单位产量消耗的劳动成本逐渐下降，而油价下跌也抑制了通货膨胀。

█to put a damper on 抑制，使扫兴

conspiracy [kənˋspɪrəsɪ] n. 阴谋

Hale became the target of a flood of hate Email, much of it accusing him of being part of a conspiracy to suppress the true nature of Hale-Bopp.

海尔成为众矢之的，充满恨意的电子邮件向他蜂拥而来，大部分都指控他是隐瞒海尔波普彗星真相这项阴谋的一员。

█suppress v. 隐瞒（姓名、证据、事实等）

credibility [ˌkredɪˈbɪlɪti] n. 可信度

Whatever the reasons, the fact remains that the organization (U.N.) desperately needs a rapid-reaction capacity if it is to maintain credibility in emergencies.

不管有什么理由，至今仍毋庸置疑的事实是，联合国若欲维持其在处理紧急事故上的可信度，就迫切需要快速应变能力。

debut [dɪˋbju] n.（法文）首演，初次上场表演

That day Jordan made his debut against the Indiana Pacers, and though he shot only 7 of 28, he moved well considering he had been playing baseball for a year.

那天乔丹在对印第安那步行者队的比赛中首度上场，尽管投28球进7球，但考虑到他先前打了一年的棒球，这样的成绩已经很出色。

demonstration [ˏdɛmənˋstreʃən] n. 抗议，示威

Just two weeks ago, 85000 people, nearly 8% of Okinawa’s population, joined the largest single demonstration in the island’s history to call for the Americans’ removal.

仅在两周前，几乎占冲绳人口8%的8.5万人参加了岛上有史以来最大一次示威，要求美国人撤走。

disability [ˏdɪsəˋbɪlətɪ] n. 伤残，无行为能力的 【同】handicap

Most aid, including nearly all low-income programs, food stamps, Medicaid and disability assistance, will be denied during an immigrant’s first five years in the U.S.

移民美国后的前5年，大部分的救助金都不能领取，包括几近全部的低收入户援助、食品券、医疗补助与伤残援助。

dispute [dɪˋspjut] n. 争议

It has been a matter of dispute but now scholars of the subject agree that Bessette and Kennedy first met in 1992, when he chatted her up one day in Central Park as she was running.

这个问题曾经众说纷纭，但现在“专家”们都同意碧瑟与小肯尼迪初识应在1992年，该年的某一天他在中央公园内向正在跑步的她搭讪。

emergency [ɪˋmədʒənsɪ] n. 紧急事件 【同】crisis

President Kim Young Sam was worried. The Korean economy, he gravely told a July 2 emergency ministerial meeting, “is in trouble.”

韩国总统金泳三忧心忡忡。7月2日的内阁紧急会议上，他沉重地说道：韩国的经济“正处于困境”。

encounter [ɪnˋkaʊntɚ] n. 邂逅，遭遇

In fact, the most unnerving encounter I’ve ever had took place in the CompuServe adultchat area.

事实上，最让我心寒的遭遇发生在“电脑服务”网络上的成人聊天区。

█unnerve v. 使沮丧，使胆怯

epidemic [ˏɛpəˋdɛmɪk] n.（传染病等的）流行，盛行

The AIDS epidemic has been in full swing for more than a decade now.

艾滋病已大肆流行了10年以上。

█in full swing 表示事物正如火如荼进行

equivalent [ɪˋkwɪvələnt] n. 同等的东西

For the past 15 years, doctors have tried to treat the underlying disorder with the pharmaceutical equivalent of a sledgehammer, using anticancer drugs and steroids to beat down the body’s hyperactive defense forces.

15年来，医师一直用抗癌药和类固醇治疗这种潜在性疾病，这些药就像长柄大锤一样，用来打垮患者体内异常活跃的防御系统。

establishment [ɪˋstæblɪʃmənt] n. 权势集团，领导阶层，主流

He was the favorite of the girls whose screams dominated the early Beatles concerts, but he was not a guy’s guy. No way could he satisfy the emerging establishment of rock critics, a male coterie.

在早期甲壳虫的演唱会里，他是最多小女生尖叫的对象，但男性观众并不这么欣赏他，他不可能获得正兴起的摇滚乐评人主流的青睐，因为这个领域是男人的天下。

█coterie n. 排外的小圈子、集团，同circle

euphoria [juˋfɔrɪə] n. 幸福感 【同】elation

So after a period of euphoria, the bond market tumbled.

因此，经过一段繁荣期后，债券市场狂泻下来。

█tumble v.（价格）暴跌

expedition [ˏɛkspɪˋdɪʃən] n. 远征队，探险

So Mark Norell, a leader of the joint U.S. Mongolian expedition, gave him a consolation prize: digging out an unpromising specimen Norell had already found.

所以，美国与蒙古联合探险队的一位领队马克·诺瑞尔，给了他一个安慰奖：让他去挖一个诺瑞尔已经找到但是看来没什么价值的标本。

█unpromising adj.（前景）不看好的，无望的

fantasy [ˋfæntəsɪ] n. 幻想 【同】dream

What we could take away from the grievous events is a grasp not of the Unabomber’s psychology but of our own which is full fantasies.

从这些悲惨事件中我们可以汲取的，并不是要了解邮包炸弹制造者的心理，而是了解自己的心理，里面充满不实际的幻想。

█grievous adj.（事故）悲惨的，严重的

feud [fjud] n. 宿仇 【同】vendetta

Still, in both communities there is a growing sense that the blood feud— and its cycle of violence— must be broken if anyone is to prosper.

但双方也越来越清楚，如果要繁荣，就必须突破彼此之间的血海深仇和暴力循环。

flair [flɛr] n. 天赋的才能 【同】talent  gift

Phil Donahue invented the participatory approach to TV talk, but Winfrey brought a woman-to-woman empathy and a flair for self-revelation that he couldn’t match.

唐纳修发明了有观众参与的电视脱口秀节目，但（另一主持人）温弗里把女人间感同身受的同情心带进节目，加上她善于自我表白，这是唐纳修比不上的。

foe [fo] n. 敌人，反对者 【同】enemy

Both speeches struck the same rhetorical chord: that Dole is no ditherer but decisive, muscular leader who will stand up to foreign foes.

这两个演说采用同一种修辞语调：多尔不是不知所措的人，而是果决、强硬的领袖，敢于对抗外敌。

█rhetorical adj. 措辞的；ditherer n. 慌乱、不知所措的人

genre [ˋʒɑnrə] n.（尤指艺术作品的）形式

Lanier embodies a whole new genre of music that uses computers to create and disseminate its own distinctive sounds.

拉尼尔运用电脑创造并发出独特的声音，表现出一种全新的音乐形式。

glance [ɡlæns] n&v. 瞥见

At first glance, Jeanne Vertefeuille might have seemed an unlikely choice to hunt down the most damaging mole in the history of the Central Intelligence Agency.

乍看之下，揪出这个中央情报局有史以来危害最大的双重间谍的工作，似乎不可能轮到韦特弗耶来做。

█mole n. 长期潜伏的（双重）间谍

glimpse [ɡlɪmps] n&v. 瞥一眼，瞄一眼

Mosaic (Web-browsing program) was the first glimpse of a multimedia future that giants such as Microsoft had been predicting but not delivering.

“马赛克”（网络游览器）让人首度窥探到多媒体的未来世界，此前像微软这样的大公司已预料到这个未来世界，但未能实现。

█deliver v. 实现，履行（诺言等）

grandeur [ˋɡrændʒɚ] n. 伟大，富丽堂皇

We want to bring jazz to the people inn all its grandeur and glory. And we don’t believe the music is above people.

我们要把爵士乐的伟大与光荣带给大家，我们不相信它是曲高和寡。

grasp [ɡræsp] n. 掌握，了解 【同】understanding

Even after working for more than 20 years in the Russian area, I cannot hope to approach Yuri’s knowledge and intuitive grasp of what is going on in his homeland.

我在俄国工作已有20余年，但尤里对其祖国俄国现状的认识与直觉式的理解，却是我不敢指望的。

greed [ɡrid] n. 贪婪 【同】avarice

Hollywood must examine itself. Its greed is sickening. It must judge the social impact, not just the popularity impact, of what it does.

好莱坞必须自我审视，它的贪婪越来越令人厌恶。好莱坞必须就其所作所为对社会所造成的冲击，而非是否受欢迎，作出判断。

impulse [ˋɪmpʌls] n. 冲动

Online shopping centers are springing up everywhere, inviting customers to use their credit cards to buy on impulse, without even leaving their chairs.

网络购物中心正四处崛起，诱使顾客连起身离座都不必，就在一时冲动下杀信用卡购物。

█to spring up突然出现，突然产生

incentive [ɪnˋsɛntɪv] n. 诱因，动机

The incentive to vote for a responsible budget that’s healthful in the long run but painful in the short run depends on whether you face election next year or in three years.

要促使某个议员投票赞成一项长期有益但短期有害的重大预算，得看他面临的是第二年还是三年后的改选。

inclination [ˏɪnkləˋneʃən] n. 倾向

But girls rarely seem to have either the chance or the inclination to get plugged in.

但女生似乎很少有玩电脑的机会或是愿望。

█to plug in 插上插头，喻开启电脑

infrastructure [ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃər] n. 水、电等基础设施

The bill for this infrastructure binge has topped $60 billion, and some economists wonder whether Malaysia can afford it.

这场基础设施的抢建热潮所需经费高达600亿美元，一些经济学家怀疑马来西亚政府是否承担得起。

█binge n.（饮食，花费等方面的）放纵，没有节制

initiative [ɪˋnɪʃɪətɪv] n. 主动权，进取心

The North (Vietnam) kept the initiative, choosing when to attack and when to lie low and rebuilding its strength.

北越保有主动权，可以选择何时出击，何时潜藏，以恢复实力。

insight [ˋɪnˏsaɪt] n. 洞察，了解

If this discovery is confirmed. it will surely be one of the most stunning insights into our universe that science has ever uncovered.

假如证明属实，这还无疑问将是科学史上对于了解宇宙最令人叹为观止的一项发现。

integrity [ɪnˋtɛɡrətɪ] n. 廉洁，正直

Both prosecutors eventually paid for their integrity and grit. In May 1992 Falcone and his wife… were ambushed and morally wounded by the Mafia’s “men of honor” on a road near Palermo.

最后，两名检察官为其廉洁与勇气付出了代价。1992年5月，法尔科内及其妻子在快到巴勒莫的路上遭到了黑手党“替天行道者”的伏击而受重伤。

█grit n.（口语）勇气，斗志；ambush v. 伏击

legend [ˋlɛdʒənd] n. 传奇人物

They are far too cool in Nashville to get excited about mere music legends.

美国田纳西州首府纳什维尔这批人很冷静，光是几个音乐界的传奇人物是无法激起他们的热情的。

mandate [ˋmændet] n. 委托，授权

Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto…also has a new electoral mandate as head of an internationalist coalition no longer dominated by ambivalent socialists.

首相桥本龙太郎也再度赢得选民的付托，出掌具有国际派色彩，且不再由立场矛盾的社会主义者所把持的联合内阁。

█coalition n. 联合政府

measure [ˋmɛʒɚ] n.手段，措施 【同】step

There’s no single measure that’s fully adequate but a combination of measures taken together can make them relatively secure.

单靠一种措施是不够的，但是多种方法结合起来，可以使它们相对安全很多。

menace [ˋmɛnəs] n. 威胁 【同】threat

Still worried about the pesticides’ impact on the environment, government scientists think they may have a better answer to the fire-ant menace.

官方科学家仍担心杀虫剂会破坏环境，认为或许还有更好的方法来对付这种火蚁的威胁。

merchandise [ˋmətʃənˏdaɪz] n. 商品 【同】goods

That’s one reason why each restaurant is designed with a merchandise shop to tempt customers to buy such must-have souvenirs as jogging suits, $20 T shirts or baby baseball togs.

为什么每一家餐厅都设计了一间商品店，以引诱消费者买一些必不可少的纪念品，如慢跑服、20美元一件的T恤或是小孩的棒球衣，这是原因之一。

mess [mæs] n. 杂乱

Army Captain Stuart Herrubgtin… remembers that the scene inside the embassy also was a “monstrous mess.”

陆军上尉赫林顿想起那是大使馆内也是“一片混乱，惨不忍睹”。

█monstrous adj.（用以加强语气）极度的，强烈的

monopoly [məˋnɑplɪ] n. 专卖机构，独占事业；垄断

Although they welcomed the news that Mexico will sell off many of the state’s power plants, they had also hoped Zedillo would privatize parts of the country’s lucrative oil monopoly.

墨西哥将廉价出售许多国营电厂，他们对此大表欢迎，但他们也盼望总统萨迪略能将该国赚钱的垄断性石油公司予以部分民营化。

nomination [ˏnɑməˋneʃən] n. 提名

The most worrisome “oppose” for Gore is that Gephardt will oppose the Vice President for their party’s presidential nomination in 2000.

最让戈尔担心的“反对”就是杰哈特将与戈尔打对合，争取公元2000年民主党总统候选人的提名。

odds [ɑdz] n. 可能性，几率 【同】chances

Odds are better than ever that high tech will get their jobs.

比起以往任何时期，高科技都更可能抢走他们的饭碗。

opponent [əˋponənt] n. 反对者，对手 【反】supporter

Among the most extreme opponents, there were even paranoiac suggestions that once gone, the art might be hijacked and never returned.

某些反对最激烈的人甚至神经质地暗示，这些宝物一旦出境可能会被劫夺，再也会不来了。

█paranoiac adj. 偏执狂的；hijack v. 劫持（飞机），劫夺（运输中的货物）

ordeal [ˋɔrdil] n. 苦难，磨练

Laura B did not tell anyone about the assault because, she claims, she repressed all memory of the ordeal.

劳拉小姐没有把所遭受的攻击告诉别人，因为她声称她已把这桩惨痛的经历完全压抑在脑海深处。

█repress v. 压抑（感情、欲望等）

passion [ˋpæʃən] n. 激情，热情 【同】feeling

Paleontology is much like politics: passions run high, and it’s easy to draw very different conclusions from the same set of facts.

古生物学和政治很相像：情绪很激昂，而且从同一组事实中可以得出截然不同的结论。

peril [ˋpɛrəl] n. 危险

Climate change threatens more than megastorms, floods and droughts. The real peril may be disease.

气候改变带来的威胁还不止是巨大风暴、洪水和干旱，真正的危险可能是疾病。

persecution [‚pɜrsɪ‘kjuʃn] n. 迫害

They must disappear by the change in sovereignty or face persecution.

他们必须在主权转移之前消失，否则就得面对迫害。

phase [fez] n. 阶段 【同】period

More significant is Clinton’s plan to take an enhanced role in transatlantic affairs in the next four years, a transitional moment in European history when the postwar structures are being tidied up and the next historic phase has yet to begin.

更重要的是，克林顿计划今后4年在大西洋两岸的事务中扮演更积极的角色，因为者4年正是欧洲历史上的一个过渡时期：正值欧洲战后结构的重整，而下个历史阶段尚未来临。

█to tidy up 整顿，弄整齐

pledge [plɛdʒ] n. 承诺，保证 【同】promise

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin deemed the comment a violation of the (PLO) Chairman’s pledge to forgo violence and threatened to stop the peace process.

以色列总理拉宾认为，这段话违反了巴解主席放弃暴力的承诺，因而扬言要中止和平进程。

potential [pəˋtɛnʃəl] n. 可能性 adj. 潜在的，可能的 【同】n. possibility

Netscape’s Navigator had the potential to be the next Windows: a method for launching programs and calling up information not only from the Internet but also from corporate networks and even from the user’s own PC.

网景的“领航员”有潜力成为下一个“视窗”：通过它，可以启动程序，可以自国际互联网、公司网络，甚至个人电脑中调出资讯。

priority [praɪˋɔrətɪ] n. 首要之务，优先

China is a big second-term priority for Clinton because it cuts across security and economic issues…

对克林顿而言，中国是他第二任内的一个重点国家，因为它涉及安全和经济事务。

privilege [ˋprɪvlɪdʒ] n. 特权

But Djilas’s criticism of the power and privilege granted to party leaders eventually led to years of imprisonment…

吉拉斯批评该党领导人所拥有的权利和特权，最终却导致数年牢狱生活。

█grant v. 给予，授予

proliferation [prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃən] n. 扩散，繁殖 【同】spread

We have seen that the enemy is instability. It is chaos. But it is also what we call the global threats, which are terrorism, international drug trafficking, environmental problems, arms-proliferation issues.

我们已经明白不稳定才是敌人、混乱才是敌人，但还包括我们所说的全球威胁，例如恐怖主义、国际毒品走私、环境问题、武器扩散问题。

propaganda [ˏprɑpəˋɡændə] n.（偏颇、不正确的官方）宣传

Today, a handful of business groups, each with political alliances, control Russia’s media, and news has once again become propaganda.

现在少数几家拥有政界盟友的企业集团控制了俄国的媒体，新闻再次成为宣传机器。

prosponent [prəˋponənt] n. 提议者，支持者 【同】advocate 【反】critic

Proponents imagine a morning someday in the next century when a smart car will pull out of the garage, drive down local roads in the conventional manner and head for the “smart way.”

倡议者想象在下个世纪的某天早上，将智慧车从车库里开出来，以传统的方式行驶过地方道路，朝着“智慧道路”驶去。

prospect [ˋprɑspɛkt] n. 成功的几率，前景

But an eager start-up looks at risk differently, and so might consumers intrigued by the prospect of shopping in cyberspace.

但是迫不及待的新兴公司对风险有不同的看法，而被网际空间购物的前景所吸引的消费者可能也是如此看待。

█start-up n. 刚成立的小公司

prosperity [prɑsˋpɛrətɪ] n. 繁荣 【同】affluence

The peace and prosperity of the world in the next century depend in many ways on what Beijing does.

下一世纪的世界和平与繁荣，在许多方面都取决于北京的行为。

recession [rɪˋsɛʃən] n. 萧条，后退 【同】slump

A more outrageous example is the Ministry of Finance, which in the wake of five years of recession is widely considered too powerful for Japan’s own good.

更离谱的例子是大藏省，在连续5年经济不景气之后，人民普遍认为大藏省权力过大，对日本经济利益有害。

█outrageous adj. 令人无法接受的，骇人听闻的；in the wake of 随着……之后

reign [ren] n&v. 统治，主宰 【同】rule

The (anti-apartheid) movement publicly condemned her in 1989 for inflicting a “reign of terror” on Soweto with her gang of bodyguards.

这个（反种族隔离）运动团体，于1989公开谴责她与她那帮贴身警卫在索韦托施行“恐慌统治”。

remains [rɪˋmenz] n. 遗迹，遗体

Tucked deep within the rock are what appear to be the chemical and fossil remains of microscopic organisms that lived on Mars 3.6 billion years ago.

深嵌在石块中间的，看起来像是36亿年前曾生存在火星上的微生物的化学残留和化石遗迹。

█tuck v. 将……挤进，塞进

reputation [ˏrɛpjəˋteʃən] n. 名声

That approach will likely prove particularly profitable in Asia and Europe, where IBM has built a 50-year reputation as a system integrator.

这着棋在亚、欧两洲可能会带来特别的利润，IBM在这些地区已经以系统集成商的身份享誉50年。

reservation [ˏrɛzɚˋveʃən] n. 保留地

The disease, which first appeared on a Navajo reservation, has since spread to 20 U.S. states and killed 45 people, nearly half of those infected.

这种疾病首先出现在某纳瓦霍印第安人保留地，后来扩散到美国20个州，导致45人丧生，死亡人数几乎占到感染人数的一半。

retail [ˋritel] n. 零售

Some estimates place the overall movie tie-in business at $ 10 billion annually in retail sales worldwide.

有人估算全球零售的电影相关商品的收入每年约100亿美元。

█tie-in n. 搭配销售的商品

revolt [rɪˋvolt] n. 叛乱，暴动 【同】insurrection  rebellion

Although much of the imperial collection amassed by China’s rulers has been lost, it is miraculous that so many landmark words have survived a thousand years of violent dynastic changes, revolts and theft.

中国历代帝王的收藏中，有很多已经遗失，但仍有很多划时代的重要作品，历经1000年来改朝换代的战争、叛乱以及偷盗，还能保存至今，真是奇迹。

█amass v. 积聚；landmark n. 里程碑，划时代的重要事件

rival [ˋraɪvl] n. 竞争对手 v. 与……匹敌

Nonetheless, Malaysia is in some ways more insular than its Asian rivals.

尽管如此，马来西亚在某些方面要比其他亚洲竞争对手更具有岛民特性。

█insular adj. 岛国性的，心胸狭隘的

sanction [ˋsæŋkʃən] n. 制裁，处罚

The bill would hold expression on the Net to the same standards of purity, using far harsher criminal sanction— including jail terms— to enforce them.

这个法案将对网络言论设定同样的净化标准，并采用更严厉的刑法（包括坐牢）来推行此项法律。

sanctuary [ˋsæŋktʃʊˏɛrɪ] n. 避难所，庇护 【同】haven

In the capital Kigali, the Rwandan army shelled the national sports stadium, where more than 5000 refugees from the country’s civil war had sought sanctuary.

在首都基加利，卢旺达军炮轰了国家体育馆，里面有超过5000名因内战前来避难的难民。

scenario [sɪˋnærɪˏo] n. 可能发生的情况

Nunn said, a handful of fanatics could crash a radio-controlled drone aircraft into the building, “engulfing it with chemical weapons and causing tremendous death and destruction.” This scenario, said Nunn, “is not far-fetched,” and the technology is all readily available.

努思说，有一小撮狂热分子可能操纵无线遥控飞机冲进这栋大楼，“使大楼完全为化学武器所吞没，造成极大的人员死亡与财务破坏。”努思说，这种假象情况“并非完全不可能发生”，而这种技术很容易就可取得。

█to crash (a plane or car) into …使（飞机或汽车）猛撞上；drone n. 无线遥控的飞机或汽车；engulf v. 吞没，使陷入；far-fetched adj.（故事、想法）牵强的，靠不住的

scheme [skim] n. 计划，方案，阴谋 【同】plan

There are, however, as many variations on this latest get-rich-on-the-Internet scheme as there are firms that want to cash in on it.

然而，最近这“上国际互联网赚一票”的方案有许多不同的作法，就如同想利用它来赚钱的厂商一样多。

█to cash in on …用……来赚钱

scorn [skɔrn] n. 轻蔑，鄙视 【同】contempt  disrespect

He heaps scorn on federal judges who have used the bench to enforce and expand civil rights, accusing them of a paternalistic belief in black inferiority.

他对那些利用法官职务坚持并扩大黑人民权的联邦法官非常鄙视，指控他们有一种家长式的自以为是的观念，认定黑人就是处于劣势（需要特别保护）。

█bench n. 法官（职位）；paternalistic adj. 家长式统治或管理的，把员工或下属都当小孩一样看待而为他们做好一切安排的

scrutiny [ˋskrutnɪ] n. 仔细检查，注目

If that evidence stands up to the intense scientific scrutiny that is certain to follow, it will confirm for the first time that life is not unique to Earth.

如果这个证据能够通过，随后必定得面对的严格的科学检验，那将是首度确认生命并非地球所独有。

█to stand up to（理论、东西）耐用，经得起……

stretch [strɛtʃ] n. 一段时间，距离 【同】spell

But one of the effects of the unusual stretch of weather over the past 15 years has been to alert researchers to a new and perhaps even more immediate threat of the warming trend; the rapid spread of disease-bearing bugs and pests.

但过去15年间气候异常所产生的结果之一，是使研究人员警觉到气温上升趋势所带来的一个新的、也许是更立即的威胁，那就是带病原的昆虫和小动物快速蔓延。

strife [straɪf] n. 斗争，冲突 【同】conflict

From strife-torn Georgia comes Giya Kancheli, who may be the most important Soviet composer since Shostakovich.

从饱受战火折磨的格鲁吉亚共和国，出现了坎且利这样的人物，他可能是萧斯塔科维奇之后苏联最重要的作曲家。

tactic [ˋtæktɪk] n. 战术，策略

Turning to the well-tested tactic of seeking a scapegoat, he (Yeltsin) fired Moscow police chief Vladimir Pankratov and city chief prosecutor Gennadi Ponomaryov for failing to “provide proper organization” to deal with “grave crimes.”

丢车保帅是屡试不爽的策略，叶利钦转而采取这项策略，以未能“设立适当组织”对付“严重犯罪”之名，免掉莫斯科警察局长潘克拉托夫与该市检察长波诺玛尤夫的职务。

█scapegoat n. 代罪羔羊；grave adj.（事实，疾病）严重的

torture [ˋtɔrtʃɚ] n. 苦刑，折磨 【同】torment

Twenty minutes of relaxation and 20 minutes of torture. You never know what was next.

20分钟的舒缓之后，是2 0分钟的苦刑，你根本搞不清楚下一分钟会有什么遭遇。

transition [trænˋzɪʃən] n. 过渡（时期），转移

Making the transition to true no-hands smart roads… is an engineering challenge that will probably take another 20 years to complete.

要过渡到真正无人驾驶的智慧型道路，是工程上的一大挑战，可能要再花上20年才能完成。

turmoil [ˋtəmɔɪl] n. 骚乱，动乱

No one in authority in Washington or Tokyo will say publicly that current turmoil is likely to unhinge the 35-year-old U.S.-Japan security alliance, but week by week a sense of alarm is growing.

华盛顿和东京的权威人士无人愿意公开承认，目前的骚乱可能会使已有35年历史的美日安全同盟毁于一旦，但是恐慌之情与日俱增。

█unhinge v. 使分离，拆卸

verdict [ˋvədɪkt] n. 判决

Hollywood madam Heidi Fleiss was convicted of running a call-girl ring and faces up to six years in prison. Fleiss reacted to the verdict by throwing her head on the defense table.

好莱坞的弗里斯女士因经营应召女郎站被判有罪，将面对6年牢狱生活。聆听判决后，弗里斯将头猛然撞向被告席的桌上作为回应。

█convict v. 判决（某人）有罪

version [ˋvəʒən] n. 版本

Indonesia’s government, which vigorously suppressed the newsmagazine Tempo, does not seem at all concerned that a digital version has appeared on the Net.

印尼政府曾经以铁腕镇压新闻性杂志《节拍》，可是该杂志的电子版已在网上露面，印尼政府对此却好像全部在意。

veteran [vɛtərən] n. 老兵，老手

Consequently, Cuba’s national team is made up largely of hardened veterans, some of whom have played together for a decade.

所以，古巴国家代表队成员大多是身经百战的老手，其中有些人更是并肩打了10年球的队友。

wrath [ræθ] n. 愤怒

After U.S. soldiers prevented the mob from venting its wrath on several men suspected of throwing the bomb, the crowd turned on the warehouse itself.

民众欲将满腔的愤怒发泄在数名丢掷炸弹的嫌疑犯身上，但遭到美军阻止，于是将发泄对象转到仓库上面。

█vent v. 发泄

yield [jild] n. 产量

The federal government has built a maze of greenhouses, labs and research facilities dedicated to spawning new high-yield varieties of bug-resistant wheat, potatoes, sunflowers and sugar beets.

联邦政府建起一系列温室、实验室与研究设施，错落如迷宫一般；这些设施是为了培植高产而且防虫害的小麦、马铃薯、向日葵、甜菜的新品种而建立的。